this year we have learn a lot of grammar rules and wrote many essay. this year has been very interesting.Since the beginning of the year , we have changed several teachers . It was difficult at first.
Future Simple Tense – простое будущее время в английском языке
Будущее действие в английском языке можно выразить множеством способов. Самый известный из них – это Future Simple (простое будущее время).
we have learn realative pronouns
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Relative Pronouns and How to Use Them
Get a clear definition of what a relative pronoun is, and find out when and how to use a relative pronoun. Explore several examples using relative pronouns within a sentence to improve your understanding.
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What Is a Relative Pronoun?
Before getting into how to use relative pronouns, it’s important to have a solid definition of what they are. A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. The clause modifies or describes the noun. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that. Sometimes, when and where can be used as relative pronouns as well.
| Relative Pronoun | Usage | Example |
| who | used for people: replaces subject pronouns like I, she, he, we, they | It was my husband who broke the car door. |
| whose | shows possession or relationship | This is the girl whose notes I borrowed. |
| whom | replaces object pronouns like me, her, him | The man whom they found was sent home. |
| which | used for objects and animals (typically non-defining clauses) | The robots, which were waiting outside, were ready for shipment. |
| that | used for people and things (typically defining clauses) | The piggy bank that was on my desk got broken. |
examples
- The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.
- The children, whom we love dearly, need better educational systems.
- Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.
- I have a friend whose cat is annoying.
- The book, which is now out of print, has all the information you need
Что такое Present Perfect Tense?
Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect) — это настоящее совершенное время в английском языке. Оно обозначает действие, которое завершилось в настоящий момент времени
I have already done my homework — Я уже сделал домашнее задание
В этом примере используется время Present Perfect (have done), потому что речь идет о том, что действие (работа над домашним заданием) закончилось совсем недавно.
Passive voice
Functions of the passive voice
The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.
Examples
- The passive voice is used frequently. (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.)
- The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.)
- The road is being repaired. (= we are interested in the road, not in the people who are doing the repairs.)
modal verbs
The modal verbs are:
| can may must shall will | could might should would |
Past Continuous — прошедшее длительное время
Время Past Continuous указывает на процесс, длившийся в определенный момент или период в прошлом. В отличие от времени Past Simple, этот момент в прошлом должен быть назван прямо (например, yesterday at 5 o’clock, when you called, when rain started) или быть очевидным из контекста.
When you called I was taking a shower.
Когда ты позвонил, я принимал душ.Charlie and me were already driving home when the engine suddenly stopped.
Мы с Чарли уже ехали домой, как вдруг заглох мотор.
Past Simple — простое прошедшее время
Время Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло.
Для уточнения момента совершения действия в прошлом при использовании времени Past Simple обычно используются такие слова, как:
last year – в прошлом году
yesterday – вчера
in 1980 – в 1980 годуи т.п.
Irregular Adjectives
A small number of adjectives are irregular in the way they make comparative and superlative forms.
The normal (regular) way to make comparative and superlative adjectives is to add -er/-est or use more/most, like this:
- big → bigger → biggest
- expensive → more expensive → most expensive
Irregular adjectives use completely different forms. Note, however, that some adjectives can be both regular and irregular, sometimes with a slight change in meaning. The most important irregular adjectives are listed in the table below.
| adjective | comparative | superlative | example sentence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| good | better | the best | irregular | Tara is the best athlete in the school. |
| well (healthy) | better | the best | He is still in hospital, but he is better than he was last week. | |
| bad | worse | the worst | irregular | You are the worst driver I have ever known. |
| far | further | the furthest | irregular | My house is the furthest one. |
Future Simple — простое будущее время
Время Future Simple ссылается на действие, которое совершится в неопределенном или отдаленном будущем.
Простое будущее время в английском языке обычно используется с обстоятельствами
| I will play | We will play |
| You will play | You will play |
| He / she / it will play | They will play |
Present Simple — простое настоящее время
Время Present Simple обозначает действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова. Оно употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий, например, когда мы говорим о чьих-либо привычках, режиме дня, расписании и т. д., т. е. Present Simple обозначает действия, которые происходят в настоящее время, но не привязаны именно к моменту речи.
I live in London.
Я живу в Лондоне.
The meeting starts at 6 o’clock.
Собрание начинается в шесть часов.
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